Spatial working memory impairment in primary onset middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus: An ethology and BOLD-fMRI study

Purpose To explore mild cognitive dysfunction and/or spatial working memory impairment in patients with primary onset middle‐age type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM] using ethology (behavior tests) and blood oxygen level‐dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD‐fMRI). Materials and Methods Eighteen primary onset T2DM patients and 18 matched subjects with normal blood glucose levels were all tested using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale test, the Wechsler Memory Scale Chinese‐revised test, and scanned using BOLD‐fMRI (1.5T, EPI sequence) while performing the n‐back task to find the activation intensity of some cognition‐related areas. Results The ethology results showed that T2DM patients had a mild cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction (P