Pneumocystis pneumonia outbreak among renal transplant recipients at a North American transplant center: Risk factors and implications for infection control

Highlights • PCP infection can occur late after renal transplant, despite initial post-transplant prophylaxis. • Reduced renal function and lymphopenia are likely risk factors for PCP infection in RTR's. • Ambulatory care clinics and phlebotomy labs are potential site for human-to-human transmission of PCP. • Respiratory infection control measures should be a priority in ambulatory health care settings to prevent PCP outbreaks.