Association between tumour necrosis-α gene polymorphisms and acne vulgaris in a Pakistani population

Summary Background The cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is a well‐studied potent candidate mediator that is systemically involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNF‐α gene have been studied with regard the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, but the results have been inconclusive. Aim This case–control study investigated the association of the TNF ‐308 G>A and ‐238 G>A SNPs with acne vulgaris in a high‐risk Pakistani population. Methods In total, 160 healthy controls and 140 patients with acne were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results Our data showed that the TNF ‐308 G>A and TNF ‐238 G>A SNPs were present at a significantly higher rate in cases than in controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02; respectively). There was a significant difference between the G and A alleles from patients with acne and controls for ‐308 G>A (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.07–2.19, P < 0.02) and ‐238 G>A (OR=1.6, 95% CI = 1.06–2.44, P = 0.02) genotype. Moreover, the severity of acne was significantly associated with TNF genotype (TNF ‐308 G>A: χ² = 34.6, P < 0.001; TNF ‐238 G>AL χ² = 12.9, P < 0.01). Conclusion Our data suggest that the TNF ‐308 G>A and TNF ‐238 G>A SNPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of acne in the study population. Furthermore, patients with severe acne showed an increased frequency of mutant TNF genotypes at ‐308 and ‐238 compared with patients with less severe acne.