UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase is upregulated in carriers of the porcine RN super(-) mutation in the AMP-activated protein kinase

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells acting as a metabolic sensor. In its activated form AMPK inhibits ATP consuming pathways and stimulates ATP generating pathways. A dominant mutation, denoted RN super(-), in the porcine PRKAG3 gene, encoding the regulatory gamma 3 subunit of AMPK, results in hyperaccumulation of glycogen in glycolytic skeletal muscle cells. To study the effects of this mutation on protein expression patterns in skeletal muscle, comparative proteome analysis of muscle samples from 12 animals (6 rn super(+)/rn super(+) and 6 RN super(-)/rn super(+)) was performed. The major finding of the proteome analysis was that the key enzyme in the synthesis of glycogen, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, was significantly up-regulated in RN super(-) carriers. This observation was subsequently supported by studies of enzyme activity and Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression patterns of enzymes related to glycolysis and the citric acid cycle were also affected. Our data suggests that hyperaccumulation of glycogen mediated by the RN super(-) mutation is due to an increased synthesis of glycogen.