Characteristics of emissions for tri-wheel vehicle under national road and rural road conditions

n this study, a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS), which is comprised of a regulated gaseous emission analyzer (SEMTECH-DS) and an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI), was introduced to characterize the emissions of tri-wheel vehicles in real-world operating conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), NO sub(x) and PM emissions of 10 tri-wheel vehicles were measured on planned routes, which contained both national roads and rural roads. The results showed that on national roads, there were fewer acceleration and deceleration circumstances than on rural roads. Among the three driving modes (acceleration mode, deceleration mode and cruising mode), distance-based emission factors of CO, HC, NO sub(x) and PM for acceleration mode were the highest on national roads and rural roads. This paper could provide some reference for future emission controls for tri-wheel vehicles.