Comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in typical highly urbanized regions across China
This study evaluated the occurrence of 36 PPCPs in urban river water samples collected from Beijing, Changzhou and Shenzhen. Twenty-eight compounds were detected. Compounds found with highest median concentrations included: sulfadimethoxine (164 ng/L), sulpiride (77.3 ng/L), atenolol (52.9 ng/L), an...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental pollution (1987) 2015-09, Vol.204, p.223-232 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | This study evaluated the occurrence of 36 PPCPs in urban river water samples collected from Beijing, Changzhou and Shenzhen. Twenty-eight compounds were detected. Compounds found with highest median concentrations included: sulfadimethoxine (164 ng/L), sulpiride (77.3 ng/L), atenolol (52.9 ng/L), and indomethacin (50.9 ng/L). Antibiotic was the predominant class detected and contributed about half of the overall PPCPs contamination level. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were demonstrated to be the predominant pathways through which PPCPs entering into aquatic environment in all investigated areas. The ratio of persistent PPCPs like sulpiride and carbamazepine was identified to be feasible in tracing their contamination sources in rivers. Concentrations of most detected PPCPs showed significant positive correlations with total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Two groups of representative PPCPs were selected as the chemical indicators for predicting the overall PPCPs contamination, based on the significant correlations between PPCPs.
•PPCPs were detected at high detection frequencies and average concentrations.•Antibiotics contributed about half of the overall PPCPs contamination level.•Wastewater treatment plant effluent was the dominant contributor to PPCPs residue.•Ratio of two persistent compounds was used in tracing contamination sources.•Two groups of representative PPCPs were selected as surrogate of overall PPCPs.
The occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and surrogate of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environment of three typical cities across China were demonstrated. |
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ISSN: | 0269-7491 1873-6424 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.021 |