A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes

Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere in...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2015-09, Vol.120 (18), p.9352-9373
Hauptverfasser: Crook, J. A., Jackson, L. S., Osprey, S. M., Forster, P. M.
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container_end_page 9373
container_issue 18
container_start_page 9352
container_title Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres
container_volume 120
creator Crook, J. A.
Jackson, L. S.
Osprey, S. M.
Forster, P. M.
description Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering. Key Points Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5
doi_str_mv 10.1002/2015JD023269
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A. ; Jackson, L. S. ; Osprey, S. M. ; Forster, P. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Crook, J. A. ; Jackson, L. S. ; Osprey, S. M. ; Forster, P. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering. 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M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forster, P. M.</creatorcontrib><title>A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos</addtitle><description>Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering. 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We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering. Key Points Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JD023269</doi><tpages>22</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adaptation
Air temperature
Albedo
Albedo (solar)
Cirrus clouds
Climate
Climate change
climate modeling
Climate models
Climatology
Clouds
Deserts
Earth
Future climates
Geoengineering
Geophysics
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Injection
Management
Marine
Mitigation
Oceans
Precipitation
Radiation
Regional
Side effects
Stratosphere
Sulfur dioxide
Surface temperature
Surface-air temperature relationships
Temperature
Temperature effects
Thinning
Tropical climate
Troposphere
title A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes
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