A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes
Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere in...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2015-09, Vol.120 (18), p.9352-9373 |
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creator | Crook, J. A. Jackson, L. S. Osprey, S. M. Forster, P. M. |
description | Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering.
Key Points
Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming
No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes
Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5 |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015JD023269 |
format | Article |
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Key Points
Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming
No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes
Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-897X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023269</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Air temperature ; Albedo ; Albedo (solar) ; Cirrus clouds ; Climate ; Climate change ; climate modeling ; Climate models ; Climatology ; Clouds ; Deserts ; Earth ; Future climates ; Geoengineering ; Geophysics ; Global warming ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Injection ; Management ; Marine ; Mitigation ; Oceans ; Precipitation ; Radiation ; Regional ; Side effects ; Stratosphere ; Sulfur dioxide ; Surface temperature ; Surface-air temperature relationships ; Temperature ; Temperature effects ; Thinning ; Tropical climate ; Troposphere</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2015-09, Vol.120 (18), p.9352-9373</ispartof><rights>2015. The Authors.</rights><rights>2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4770-42faebb8d3b62786419bf0d851d797dedc6ca0b6df883993c68bb34d8e9349e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4770-42faebb8d3b62786419bf0d851d797dedc6ca0b6df883993c68bb34d8e9349e53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015JD023269$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015JD023269$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,1432,27922,27923,45572,45573,46407,46831</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crook, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, L. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osprey, S. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forster, P. M.</creatorcontrib><title>A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos</addtitle><description>Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering.
Key Points
Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming
No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes
Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Albedo</subject><subject>Albedo (solar)</subject><subject>Cirrus clouds</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>climate modeling</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Deserts</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Future climates</subject><subject>Geoengineering</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Mitigation</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Regional</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Stratosphere</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Surface-air temperature relationships</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Thinning</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0Utv1DAQAOAIgURVeuMHWOLCgYBf8eNYbctCtQIV8ejNcuzJ1mVjp3YW6L_Hq6AKcaiYi0f2N2ONpmmeE_yaYEzfUEy6izNMGRX6UXNEidCt0lo8vs_l1dPmpJQbXENhxjt-1Pw4RS6Nk82hpIjSgGYYJ8h23mdANno0ZXBhCrOdQwUZypRigYLmhHwYBsgQZ3Ru83yNsvVhYaONdgvj4WkLCeI2RIAc4hYVd13vy7PmyWB3BU7-nMfNl7fnn1fv2s3H9fvV6aZ1XErccjpY6HvlWS-oVIIT3Q_Yq454qaUH74SzuBd-UIppzZxQfc-4V6AZ19Cx4-bl0nfK6XYPZTZjKA52Oxsh7Ysh9RdGGe7wf1AqhZSCkkpf_ENv0j7HOoihWJJqNO8eUrUXF0JhrKt6tSiXUykZBjPlMNp8Zwg2h8WavxdbOVv4z7CDuwetuVh_OusoJ4fZ2qUqlBl-3VfZ_N0IyWRnvn1YG725XKnL1ZX5yn4Db0mzsw</recordid><startdate>20150927</startdate><enddate>20150927</enddate><creator>Crook, J. A.</creator><creator>Jackson, L. S.</creator><creator>Osprey, S. M.</creator><creator>Forster, P. M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7SU</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150927</creationdate><title>A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes</title><author>Crook, J. A. ; Jackson, L. S. ; Osprey, S. M. ; Forster, P. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4770-42faebb8d3b62786419bf0d851d797dedc6ca0b6df883993c68bb34d8e9349e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adaptation</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Albedo</topic><topic>Albedo (solar)</topic><topic>Cirrus clouds</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>climate modeling</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>Climatology</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Deserts</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Future climates</topic><topic>Geoengineering</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Global warming</topic><topic>Greenhouse effect</topic><topic>Greenhouse gases</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Mitigation</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Regional</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Stratosphere</topic><topic>Sulfur dioxide</topic><topic>Surface temperature</topic><topic>Surface-air temperature relationships</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature effects</topic><topic>Thinning</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>Troposphere</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crook, J. 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Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crook, J. A.</au><au>Jackson, L. S.</au><au>Osprey, S. M.</au><au>Forster, P. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos</addtitle><date>2015-09-27</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>120</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>9352</spage><epage>9373</epage><pages>9352-9373</pages><issn>2169-897X</issn><eissn>2169-8996</eissn><abstract>Earth radiation management has been suggested as a way to rapidly counteract global warming in the face of a lack of mitigation efforts, buying time and avoiding potentially catastrophic warming. We compare six different radiation management schemes that use surface, troposphere, and stratosphere interventions in a single climate model in which we projected future climate from 2020 to 2099 based on RCP4.5. We analyze the surface air temperature responses to determine how effective the schemes are at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology and analyze precipitation responses to compare side effects. We find crop albedo enhancement is largely ineffective at returning temperature to its 1986–2005 climatology. Desert albedo enhancement causes excessive cooling in the deserts and severe shifts in tropical precipitation. Ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection have the potential to cool more uniformly, but cirrus cloud thinning may not be able to cool by much more than 1 K globally. We find that of the schemes potentially able to return surface air temperature to 1986–2005 climatology under future greenhouse gas warming, none has significantly less severe precipitation side effects than other schemes. Despite different forcing patterns, ocean albedo enhancement, sea‐spray geoengineering, cirrus cloud thinning, and stratospheric SO2 injection all result in large scale tropical precipitation responses caused by Hadley cell changes and land precipitation changes largely driven by thermodynamic changes. Widespread regional scale changes in precipitation over land are significantly different from the 1986–2005 climatology and would likely necessitate significant adaptation despite geoengineering.
Key Points
Radiation management schemes cannot offset much more than 1.6 K of warming
No radiation management schemes avoided regional precipitation changes
Regional precipitation changes could potentially exceed changes under RCP4.5</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JD023269</doi><tpages>22</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adaptation Air temperature Albedo Albedo (solar) Cirrus clouds Climate Climate change climate modeling Climate models Climatology Clouds Deserts Earth Future climates Geoengineering Geophysics Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Injection Management Marine Mitigation Oceans Precipitation Radiation Regional Side effects Stratosphere Sulfur dioxide Surface temperature Surface-air temperature relationships Temperature Temperature effects Thinning Tropical climate Troposphere |
title | A comparison of temperature and precipitation responses to different Earth radiation management geoengineering schemes |
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