Towards full-spectrum photocatalysis: Achieving a Z-scheme between Ag sub(2)S and TiO sub(2) by engineering energy band alignment with interfacial Ag

A Z-scheme is a promising approach to achieve broad-spectrum photocatalysis. Integration of TiO sub(2) with another semiconductor with a band gap of 1.0 eV would be ideal to harvest both ultraviolet and visible-near infrared light for photocatalysis; however, most narrow-bandgap semiconductors have straddling band structure alignments with TiO sub(2), constituting an obstacle to forming the Z-scheme for photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this communication, we demonstrate Ag sub(2)S as a model system where the energy band upshift of the narrow-bandgap semiconductor that shares an interface with a metal can overcome this limitation. To fabricate the design, we developed a unique approach to synthesize Ag sub(2)S-Ag-TiO sub(2) hybrid structures. The obtained ternary hybrid structures exhibited dramatically enhanced performance in photocatalytic hydrogen production under full-spectrum light illumination. The activities were significantly higher than the sum of those of Ag sub(2)S-Ag-TiO sub(2) structures under lambda < 400 nm and lambda > 400 nm irradiation as well as those of their counterparts under any light illumination conditions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]