Post-disaster grain supply chain resilience with government aid

•A typical grain supply chain and its resilience framework are illustrated.•A quantitative model is proposed to assess the resilience of grain supply chain.•Two supply chain recovery methods are considered for grain processor recovery.•A numerical study aiming at the rice supply chain in China is conducted.•Important insights are detected from the analysis of grain processor recovery. Assessing the disruption and resilience of the agricultural grain supply chain is critical to ensure grain supply and stabilize grain price in the final market. This research proposes a quantitative model to analyze how a grain processor regains robustness when supply is disrupted by a natural disaster upstream, and how this disruption affects grain retailers downstream. Two supply chain recovery methods, contingent sourcing and government aid, are considered for grain processor recovery. The results show that (1) a processor prefers timely full recovery, and (2) government aid as an intervention means is indispensable but cannot fully replace the backup supplier.