An integrative geospatial and hydrogeochemical analysis for the assessment of groundwater quality in Mahakalapara Block, Odisha, India

A comprehensive hydrogeochemical and geospatial analysis has been carried out for the assessment of geochemical evolution and groundwater potability of the coastal aquifer system underlying the Mahakalapara Block, Odisha, India. The major ion chemistry of groundwater is primarily made up of alkali cations and strong acidic anions having a strong influence of the aquifer lithology. Geochemical analysis of the sample points towards the occurrence of dissolution and ion exchange processes across the study area. Spatially the former is the principal influencing process along the western part of the block whereas the latter is active across the entire study area. Increased alkali and chloride concentration during post-monsoon period indicates potential saline and formational water influences. Potability analysis of the samples is suggestive of widespread unsuitability for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. All the evaluating parameters except pH and residual sodium carbonate indicate a general unsafe characteristic of the subsurface water for domestic and agricultural utility. From an industrial perspective, the subsurface waters are corrosive but not incrusting.