Response and Resilience: Aceh’s Trade in the Seventeenth Century

Khan talks about the English and Dutch East Indies companies, Aceh which was ruled by four women from 1641-99. Aceh, by the end of the seventeenth century, was no longer the expanding empire it had been at the beginning, but, helped by the uneven advance of European companies' territorial and commercial empires, Aceh developed into a thriving, cosmopolitan port. Reprinted by permission of Cornell University, South East Asia Program Publications