Early onset of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease contributes to the lethal outcome in lung transplant recipients: report of two cases and review of the literature

Lung transplant (LuTx) recipients represent a population at risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM‐PD). Yet the risk factors, the timing of NTM‐PD after transplantation, and the association with allograft dysfunction all remain poorly defined. We report 2 cases of early‐onset NTM‐PD and review the literature, focusing on NTM‐PD in LuTx recipients not colonized with NTM prior to transplantation. In addition, we summarize the main characteristics and differences between early‐ and late‐onset disease.