Cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale

Aims and objectives To culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale. Background In Brazil, there is currently a lack of validated instruments that assess the spiritual dimension, which includes the spiritual distress phenomenon that can be experienced at different moments in a person's life. This can include times when a person is affected by a disease such as cancer, which occurs suddenly and causes significant life changes. Design Methodological and cross‐sectional study. Methods Cultural adaptation of the Spiritual Distress Scale was performed using translation and back‐translation stages, evaluation of cultural equivalence, committee review and pretesting. An interview using the Brazilian version of the scale was conducted with 170 patients in a cancer treatment unit of a charitable general hospital (not state funded). The following psychometric properties were evaluated: construct validity (divergence and factor analysis) and internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach's α and Kappa). Results Reliability analysis in the intra‐ and inter‐rater phase showed that more than half of the items had Kappa values > 0·75. A correlation between the Spiritual Well‐Being Scale and the Spiritual Distress Scale was found. Overall, the Spiritual Distress Scale showed a Cronbach's α of 0·87, with three of its four domains showing significant parameters. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale proved to be a reliable, valid and efficient instrument that is capable of assessing spiritual distress. The Brazilian Spiritual Distress Scale presented reliability and validity parameters that correspond to the original English version of the scale. Relevance to clinical practice The existence of an internationally validated instrument that assesses spiritual distress will assist healthcare professionals and researchers in recognising this phenomenon in clinical practice.