Depressive Symptoms Clusters and Insulin Resistance: Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator in 2005–2010 NHANES Data

Background Although depression has been linked to insulin resistance, few studies have examined depressive symptom clusters. Purpose We examined whether certain depressive symptom clusters are more strongly associated with insulin resistance in a nationally representative sample, and we evaluated potential moderators and mediators. Methods Respondents were 4487 adults from NHANES 2005–2010. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and insulin resistance was indexed by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score. Results Positive relationships between PHQ-9 total, somatic, and cognitive-affective scores and HOMA score were detected ( ps