Traffic model by braking capability and response time

We propose a microscopic traffic model where the update velocity is determined by the deceleration capacity and response time. It is found that there is a class of collisions that cannot be distinguished by simply comparing the stop positions. The model generates the safe, comfortable, and efficient traffic flow in numerical simulations with a reasonable values of the parameters, and this is analytically supported. Our approach provides a new perspective in modeling traffic-flow safety and worrying situations like lane changing.