Lack of efficacy of monepantel against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep in Brazil

•Monepantel was tested in FECRT and in a controlled efficacy test in sheep.•Monepantel was ineffective against Trichostrongylus colubriformis.•Monepantel was ineffective against Oesophagostomum columbianum.•Monepantel was 100% efficient against H. contortus and T. axei.•Monepantel was 99.7% efficient against C. curticei. Multiple drug resistance of nematodes against anthelmintics has become one of the most important economic problems in sheep production worldwide. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of monepantel (2.5mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes in fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and controlled efficacy test (CT) in naturally infected sheep. We used 30 sheep for the FECRT and 20 sheep for the CT, equally divided into control and treated groups. In the FECRT, the reduction was 98%. Larval identification of pre-treatment coprocultures revealed 100% Haemonchus spp. for both control and treated groups. Post-treatment culture of treated sheep was 100% Oesophagostomum spp., but only few larvae were recovered. In the control group, they were 99% Haemonchus spp and 1% Oesophagostomum spp. larvae. Based on the FECRT, Haemonchus spp. was considered susceptible to monepantel. The efficacy of monepantel in the CT against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus axei was 100% and against Cooperia curticei was 99.7%. For Trichostrongylus colubriformis, the efficacy was −21.5%. In both treated and untreated animals, Oesophagostomum columbianum was recovered from the large intestines. Based on FECRT and CT and in accordance with WAAVP standards, monepantel was ineffective against T. colubriformis and O. columbianum, but effective against H. contortus, T. axei and C. curticei in the studied flock.