C-Alkylation of Ketones and Related Compounds by Alcohols: Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C‐alkylation of ketones and secondary alcohols, with alcohols, avoids use of organometallic or environmentally unfriendly alkylating agents by means of borrowing hydrogen (BH) or hydrogen autotransfer (HA) activation of the alcohol substrates. Water is formed as the only by‐product, thus making the BH process atom‐economical and environmentally benign. Diverse homogeneous and heterogeneous transition‐metal catalysts, ketones, and alcohols can be used for this transformation, thus rendering the BH process promising for replacing those procedures that use traditional alkylating agents. This Minireview summarizes the advances during the last five years in transition‐metal‐catalyzed BH α‐alkylation of ketones, and β‐alkylation of secondary alcohols with alcohols. A discussion on the application of the BH strategy for C−C bond formation is included. Something borrowed: The major advances during the past five years in transition‐metal‐catalyzed borrowing‐hydrogen (BH) alkylation of ketones, secondary alcohols, and related compounds with alcohols are summarized. Water is formed as the only by‐product, thus making the BH process atom‐economical and environmentally benign.