Structure, ontogeny, and moulting of the olenid trilobite Ctenopyge (Eoctenopyge) angusta Westergard, 1922 from the upper Cambrian of Vaestergoetland, Sweden

The genus Ctenopyge is known mainly from disarticulated sclerites and from rare complete specimens flattened in shales. Hitherto, very few specimens have been found preserved intact and in three dimensions. In a recently discovered fauna, however, in the Peltura minor Subzone in Vaestergoetland, central Sweden, there occur several species of Ctenopyge, of which many are complete and superbly preserved; moreover they occur at all stages of growth. Of these the abundant Ctenopyge (Eoctenopyge) angusta Westergard, 1922 is described and reconstructed here as an adult, and the entire ontogeny is documented for all post-protaspid growth stages. Many characters typical of the adult, such as the long genal spines and the caudal spine, develop very early in ontogeny, and the relative dimensions of the cranidium do not greatly change during growth. Macropleural spines, however, develop later. The transitory pygidium, relatively large and shield-shaped in the early meraspid, later becomes very small as the ten thoracic segments are liberated; a median spine develops on the last thoracic segment only at the holaspid stage. Instar groupings can be clearly distinguished for the early stages. Recurrent associations of sclerites are interpreted as moulting configurations. As reconstructed, the genal spines are horizontal and parallel with the extended thorax; an adaptation which presumably allowed the trilobite to rest on the sea floor.