Polyclonal antibodies against native weak toxin Naja kaouthia discriminate native weak toxins and some other three-fingered toxins against their denaturated forms

Polyclonal antibodies obtained by immunization of rabbits with native form of weak toxin (WTX) from cobra Naja kaouthia venom efficiently interacted with WTX and a weak toxin from Naja oxiana venom, but not so with their denaturated forms. These antibodies could also bind with lower affinity other groups of three-fingered toxins: long-chain α-neurotoxins, muscarinic toxins and cytotoxins, but practically did not bind short-chain α-neurotoxins. The efficiency of toxin–antibody interaction depends on the group (weak toxins, long or short α-neurotoxins, cytotoxins etc.) to which the toxin belongs, but not on species of snake from which the toxin originates. There is a correlation between the results obtained and phylogenetic analysis of the three-fingered toxins which revealed that WTX is very close to other weak toxins, relatively close to long α-neurotoxins, cytotoxins and muscarinic toxins, but is distant from the short α-neurotoxins.