Chemoprevention of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats by kolaviron—A Garcinia kola seed extract

The effect of kolaviron, a mixture of Garcinia biflavonoid 1 (GB1), Garcinia biflavonoid 2 (GB2) and kolaflavanone, used in the treatment of various ailments in southern Nigeria on hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in rats was investigated. The ability of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) to attenuate the toxic effect of 2-AAF was also examined. Kolaviron administered orally to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 1 week before challenge with 2-AAF (200 mg/kg feed) and continuously for 3 weeks at a single dose of 200 mg/kg body weight reversed the 2-AAF-mediated decrease in final body weight and relative organ weights, especially the liver. BHA was administered at a dose of 7.5 g/kg feed to the animals for 4 weeks. The extract decreased significantly the 2-AAF-mediated increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase and ornithine carbamyl transferase by 58%, 62%, 60% and 67%, respectively. BHA elicited respectively 55%, 63%, 57% and 65% reduction in the 2-AAF induced-increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological examination of the liver slices correlated with the changes in serum enzyme alterations. Similarly, kolaviron decreased the 2-AAF reduction of 5′-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities by 63% and 60%, respectively while BHA elicited 59% and 61% decrease in the activities of these enzymes. Simultaneous administration of kolaviron with 2-AAF inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) formation by 66%. BHA produced a 64% reduction in TBARS formation. In the present study, kolaviron appears to act as an in vivo natural antioxidant and an effective hepatoprotective agent and is as effective as BHA.