Investigating the role of hierarchy on the strength of composite materials: evidence of a crucial synergy between hierarchy and material mixing

Natural materials are often organized in complex hierarchical architectures to optimize mechanical properties. Artificial bio-inspired materials, however, have thus far failed to successfully mimic how these architectures improve material characteristics, for example strength. Here, a method is proposed for evaluating the role of hierarchy on structural strength. To do this, we consider different hierarchical architectures of fiber bundles through analytical multiscale calculations based on a fiber bundle model at each hierarchical level. In general, we find that an increase in the number of hierarchy levels leads to a decrease in the strength of material. However, when a composite bundle with two different types of fibers is considered, an improvement in the mean strength is obtained for some specific hierarchical architectures, indicating that both hierarchy and material mixing are necessary ingredients to obtain improved mechanical properties. Results are promising for the improvement and tuning of the strength of bio-inspired materials. Multiscale calculations prove that both hierarchy and material mixing are required to optimize strength in biomaterials.