Cytogenetic evaluation of aquatic genotoxicity in human cultured lymphocytes

This paper presents the results of a cytogenetic study to evaluate the quality of Caı́ river water at the area under the influence of the Petrochemical Complex of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was performed on cultured human lymphocytes exposed to stream water samples. The Caı́ River is an important tributary to the Guaı́ba basin that includes Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. The Caı́ river water is the source of drinking water after conventional treatment, and is also used for irrigation and primary contact recreation according to Federal regulations. Water samples were collected in the Caı́ River and some tributaries at four sites for 20 months with a bimonthly frequency, in a total of 11 samplings, from November 1993 to July 1995. It was possible to detect the presence of substances with clastogenic and/or aneugenic potential in vitro human lymphocytes at the different sites analyzed. As to the four sites studied, site B presents nearly half of the total positive results (44%), followed by sites A (28%), D (17%) and C (11%). The CBMN assay in human lymphocytes was a sensitive cytogenetic approach for aquatic environmental studies, and should be better exploited to monitor industrial areas.