Trajectories of smoking behavior as a function of mood and satisfaction with life: What matters most?

Abstract Background Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year. The present study investigated possible preventative factors of nicotine dependence, such as mood and Satisfaction With Life (SWL). Methods Longitudinal Internet survey of 1957 individuals assessed three times at a two week interval (2007–2010). Outcome measures: Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS), feeling prisoner to cigarettes, smoking cessation, reduction, and relapse. Predictors: Time (i.e. trajectory of dependence over time), smoking status (daily, occasional or ex-smoker), mood, and SWL. All measures were assessed at each time point. Results Both SWL, and mood, respectively were significantly associated with dependence (slopeSWL =−0.03, slopeSWL =−0.11, ps