Estimates of coextinction risk: how anuran parasites respond to the extinction of their hosts

[Display omitted] •We modeled coextinction probabilities of South American amphibian parasites.•Parasite species associated with few hosts are the most prone to extinction.•Extinction probabilities varied amongst helminth taxonomic groups. Amphibians are known as the most threatened vertebrate group. One of the outcomes of a species’ extinction is the coextinction of its dependents. Here, we estimate the extinction risk of helminth parasites of South America anurans. Parasite coextinction probabilities were modeled, assuming parasite specificity and host vulnerability to extinction as determinants. Parasite species associated with few hosts were the most prone to extinction, and extinction risk varied amongst helminth species of different taxonomic groups and life cycle complexity. Considering host vulnerability in the model decreased the extinction probability of most parasites species. However, parasite specificity and host vulnerability combined to increase the extinction probabilities of 44% of the helminth species reported in a single anuran species.