Proline accumulation by mutation or disruption of the proline oxidase gene improves resistance to freezing and desiccation stresses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We examined the role of intracellular proline under freezing and desiccation stress conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When cultured in liquid minimal medium, the proline-nonutilizing mutant containing the put1 mutation (proline oxidase-deficient) produced more intracellular proline, and increased the cell survival rate as compared to the wild-type strain after freezing and desiccation. We also constructed two PUT1 gene disruptants. PUT1-disrupted mutants in minimal medium supplemented with external proline at 0.1% accumulated higher proline levels than those of the control strains (17–22-fold). These disruptants also had a 2–5-fold increase in cell viability compared to the control strains after freezing and desiccation stresses. These results indicate that proline has a stress-protective function in yeast.