Solar energy utilization in the direct photocarboxylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran using CO2

The conversion of CO 2 into high energy products (fuels) and the direct carboxylation of C-H bonds require a high energy input. Energy cannot be derived from fossil carbon, in this case. Solar energy can be used instead, with a low environmental impact and good profit. We have studied the use of white light or solar energy in the photoreduction of CO 2 and in photocarboxylation reactions, using different semiconductors modified at their surface. Two examples of reduction of CO 2 to methanol and CO will be shortly discussed, and two cases of carboxylation of organic substrates. The case of carboxylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran will be discussed in detail.