Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on the risk of renal cell carcinomas: a case–control study

We conducted this case–control study to assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) −2578C/A, +460T/C, +1612G/A, +936C/T, and −634G/C polymorphisms in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and analyzed the association of gene polymorphisms with demographic and clinical characteristics of RCC. This study included 412 consecutive primary RCC patients and 824 controls. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect VEGF −2578C/A, +460T/C, +1612G/A, +936C/T, and −634G/C polymorphisms. Compared with the control subjects, the RCC cancer cases were more likely to have a habit of cigarette smoking, and suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that individuals carrying the AA genotype of −2578C/A were more likely to greatly increase risk of RCC, and the CC genotype of +460T/C revealed a significant association with increased risk of RCC. The CA + AA genotype of −2578C/A had a significantly increased risk of RCC in ever cigarette smokers, and individuals who suffered from hypertension and diabetes. TC + CC genotype of +460T/C was significantly associated with the elevated risk of RCC in those suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Our study suggests that −2578C/A and +460T/C polymorphisms of VEGF modulate the risk of developing RCC in Chinese population.