Cross-modal additivity of taste and smell

ABSTRACT Subjects were simultaneously given subthreshold levels of taste and odor stimuli, delivered orally, for both a commonly paired and an uncommonly paired taste–odor combination. Results indicate cross‐modal summation of subthreshold concentrations of both taste–odor pairs when the olfactory stimulus is delivered orally. Results of control studies suggest that the summation was indeed across modalities, and not due to the taste of the odor compound or the smell of the taste compounds. Furthermore, results indicate that regardless of taste–odor pair commonness, taste and smell can combine in a completely additive fashion (i.e., at threshold detectability when both stimuli are presented simultaneously at 50% threshold level) if the taste–odor pair is presented orally. In several instances, but not all, measured probabilities exceeded those predicted by probability summation, indicating that hyperadditive mixing often occurs, but there do seem to be individual differences. Cross‐modal summation, regardless of taste–odor pair commonness, has broader implications for the development of foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals, especially in masking undesirable tastes and smells.