Inhibition of membrane-bound electron transport of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei Goe 1 by diphenyleneiodonium

The proton translocating electron transport systems (F sub(420)H sub(2)::heterodisulfide oxidoreductase and H sub(2):heterodisulfide oxidoreductase) of Methanosarcina mazei Goe1 were inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) indicated by IC sub(50) values of 20 nmol DPI\m?\mg super(-1) protein and 45 nmol DPI\m?\mg super(-1) protein, respectively. These effects are due to a complex interaction of DPI with key enzymes of the electron transport chains. It was found that 2-hydroxyphenazine-dependent reactions as catalyzed by F sub(420)-nonreducing hydrogenase, F sub(420)H sub(2) dehydrogenase and heterodisulfide reductase were inhibited. Interestingly, the H sub(2)-dependent methylviologen reduction and the heterodisulfide reduction by reduced methylviologen as catalyzed by the hydrogenase and the heterodisulfide reductase present in washed membranes were unaffected by DPI, respectively. Analysis of the redox behavior of membrane-bound cytochromes indicated that DPI inhibited CoB-S-S-CoM-dependent oxidation of reduced cytochromes and H sub(2)-dependent cytochrome reduction. Membrane-bound and purified F sub(420)H sub(2) dehydrogenase were inhibited by DPI irrespectively whether methylviologen + metronidazole or 2-hydroxyphenazine were used as electron acceptors. Detailed examination of 2-hydroxy-phenazine-dependent F sub(420)H sub(2)-oxidation revealed that DPI is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, indicated by the K sub(m) value for 2-hydroxyphenazine, which increased from 35 mu M to 100 mu M in the presence of DPI. As DPI and phenazines are structurally similar with respect to their planar configuration we assume that the inhibitor is able to bind to positions where interaction between phenazines and components of the electron transport systems take place. Thus, electron transfer from reduced 2-hydroxyphenazine to cytochrome b sub(2) as part of the heterodisulfide reductase and from H sub(2) to cytochrome b sub(1) as subunit of the membrane-bound hydrogenase is affected in the presence of DPI. In case of the F sub(420)H sub(2) dehydrogenase electron transport from FAD or from FeS centers to 2-hydroxyphenazine is inhibited.