Adverse events following percutaneous and surgical coronary revascularisation: Analysis of non-MACE outcomes in the Stent or Surgery (SoS) Trial

Abstract Objectives To analyse adverse events requiring or prolonging hospitalisation in the Stent or Surgery (SoS) trial. Background Many adverse events following coronary revascularisation are non-major adverse cardiovascular events (non-MACE). Trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) have reported rates of mortality and MACE only. Material and methods Comparisons between PCI and CABG groups in the SOS trial were by intention to treat. For patients with non-fatal/non-MACE, number of events per 100 patient years follow-up and duration of hospital stay were assessed. Competing risk analysis was used to illustrate temporal pattern of adverse outcomes. Results During 2y median follow up, 1 one or more adverse event occurred in 47.3% (231) of the PCI group and 53% (265) of the CABG group (p = 0.086). Non-fatal/non-MACE occurred in 11.9% of the PCI group and 38.6% of the CABG group (p < 0.001). Non-fatal/non-MACE per 100 patient years follow-up was 17.49 (PCI) and 35.04 (CABG), rate ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.4, p < 0.001. Cumulative non-fatal/non-MACE associated hospital stays were 1387 and 3287 days in PCI and CABG groups respectively. Median duration of hospitalisation per non-fatal/non-MACE was 5 days (interquartile range 2 to 11.75 days) in the PCI group and 6 days (interquartile range 2 to 12 days) in the CABG group, p = 0.245. Conclusions CABG had lower cumulative incidence of fatal or MACE outcomes, higher cumulative incidence of non-fatal/non-MACE outcomes, and longer cumulative hospitalisation periods compared to the PCI group.