Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-negative and -positive peptic ulcer disease

Objective: to examine histological and other features of patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive (HP+) and -negative (HP−) peptic ulcers and characterize typical features of peptic ulcer in elderly patients. Methods: 137 consecutive patients with peptic ulcer and 70 patients with dyspepsia were studied over 24 months. Endoscopy and a structured personal interview were carried out in all patients. Three histological specimens were obtained from the antral mucosa. Results: the mean age of ulcer patients was 62.4 (SD 15.7) years and that of dyspepsia patients was 56.9 (SD 18.1) years (P=0.026). Of patients with HP− ulcers, 80.6% were aged 65 years or over; the corresponding proportion of patients with HP+ ulcer was 33.7% (P=0.0001). The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics was more common among those whose ulcer was HP− (69.4% vs 33%, P=0.0002). The occurrence of antral inflammation, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia did not differ between those with HP− and HP+ ulcers, but activity of gastritis was more common in HP+ than in HP− patients (94.9% vs 47.1%, P=0.0001). In the logistic regression analysis, HP− peptic ulcer disease was independently associated with older age, bile reflux, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics and intestinal metaplasia, while HP+ ulcer disease was associated with active inflammation of the antral mucosa and tendency to ulcer recurrence. Conclusion: HP+ and HP− peptic ulcers have well-defined characteristics which probably reflect their different pathogenesis. Peptic ulcer disease of elderly people is mostly HP−.