The Fatty Acid-binding Protein, aP2, Coordinates Macrophage Cholesterol Trafficking and Inflammatory Activity: Macrophage expression of aP2 affects peroxisome proloferator-activated receptor gamma and I Kappa B kinase activities

Fatty acid-binding proteins are cytosolic fatty acid chaperones, and the adipocyte isoform, aP2, plays an important role in obesity and glucose metabolism. Recently, this protein has been detected in macrophages where it strongly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the role of aP2 in macrophage biology and the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions. We demonstrate that aP2-deficient macrophages display defects in cholesterol accumulation and alterations in pro-inflammatory responsiveness. Deficiency of aP2 alters the lipid composition in macrophages and enhances peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity, leading to elevated CD36 expression and enhanced uptake of modified low denwsity lipoprotein. The increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity in aP2-deficient macrophages is also accompanied by a significant stimulation of the liver X receptor alpha -ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway. In parallel, aP2-deficient macrophages display reduced I Kappa B kinase and NF- Kappa B activity, resulting in suppression of inflammatory function including reduced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and impaired production of inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that aP2 regulates two central molecular pathways to coordinate macrophage cholesterol trafficking and inflammatory activity.