Ultrafast Tracking of a Single Live Virion During the Invagination of a Cell Membrane

The first step in most viral infections is the penetration of the cell membrane via endocytosis. However, the underlying mechanism of this important process has not been quantitatively characterized; for example, the velocity and force of a single virion during invagination remain unknown. Here, the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2015-06, Vol.11 (23), p.2782-2788
Hauptverfasser: Pan, Yangang, Wang, Shaowen, Shan, Yuping, Zhang, Dinglin, Gao, Jing, Zhang, Min, Liu, Shuheng, Cai, Mingjun, Xu, Haijiao, Li, Guohui, Qin, Qiwei, Wang, Hongda
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The first step in most viral infections is the penetration of the cell membrane via endocytosis. However, the underlying mechanism of this important process has not been quantitatively characterized; for example, the velocity and force of a single virion during invagination remain unknown. Here, the endocytosis of a single live virion (Singapore grouper iridovirus, SGIV) through the apical membranes of a host cell is monitored by developing and using a novel ultrafast (at the microsecond level) tracking technique: force tracing. For the first time, these results unambiguously reveal that the maximum velocity during the cell entry of a single SGIV by membrane invagination is approximately 200 nm s−1, the endocytic force is approximately 60.8 ± 18.5 pN, and the binding energy density increases with the engulfment depth. This report utilizing high temporospatial resolution (subnanometer and microsecond levels) approaches provides new insight into the dynamic process of viral infection via endocytosis and the mechanism of membrane invagination at the single‐particle level. Force tracing based on atomic force microscopy is developed to quickly (up to the microsecond level) track the endocytosis of a single live virion (Singapore grouper iridovirus, SGIV) through the apical membrane of a host cell.
ISSN:1613-6810
1613-6829
DOI:10.1002/smll.201403491