Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes in Apical Periodontitis Lesions

Abstract Introduction Different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) possess specific pathogenic abilities because of various interactions with the host's immune system and differences in cell tropism. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of HCMV and EBV genotypes in apical periodontitis lesions in relation to their clinical and histopathologic features. Methods One hundred samples of apical periodontitis lesions and 25 control samples (healthy pulp tissue) were collected. The presence of HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and EBV nuclear antigen-2 genotypes was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis. Results EBV and HCMV were detected in apical periodontitis lesions at significantly higher frequencies than in healthy pulp controls ( P = .020 and P = .020, respectively). HCMV gB type II was significantly more frequent compared with gB type I in the examined groups ( P = .036). No HCMV gB type III or IV products were found. In both periapical lesions and controls, EBV-1 occurred more often compared with EBV-2 ( P = .001). Dual EBV and HCMV coinfection was more frequently detected in large-size periapical lesions ( P = .038). Conclusions Both HCMV and EBV are associated with inflammatory processes of periapical bone destruction. HCMV gB type II and EBV-1 are the most prevalent genotypes in apical periodontitis lesions.