Microbiological Studies on the Production of Antimicrobial Agent by Saponin Aloe vera Linn Against Streptococcus sanguinis

The saponin extracts of the aerial part of Aloe vera Linn were examined for antibacterial activity in vitro against Streptococcus sanguinis, a gram-positive bacteria mostly found in dental plaque. Mechanical plaque control by brushing is the most effective method for controlling plaque and also gingivitis. Saponins or SLS was induced to Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria and the minimal bactericidal concentrations was determined by dilution method. TEM is used to evaluate the essential cellular function of Streptococcus sanguinis inhibited by the primary saponin-target interaction, whether they induce cell death or merely inhibit cell growth. The variation morphological changes of bacterial cell, which is attributed to a whole cell wall with opaque cytoplasmic, cell wall separated from plasma membrane, plasma membrane rupture and event the cell wall peeled off revealed on the assays. Saponins of Aloe vera L. extract was active against Streptococcus sanguinis with minimal inhibitory concentration value of 3.125%. The control group SLS killed Streptococcus sanguinis with minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.78% in all repetitions.