PMF Receptor Modelling of Fine and Coarse PM sub(10) in Air Masses Governing Monsoon Conditions in Hanoi, Northern Vietnam

Course and fine PM sub(10) samples collected in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 1999 2001 were analyzed for chemical composition, and the measured data were disaggregated according to three back-trajectory types for source receptor modeling using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique. Concentration data of 16 coarse and fine species, which are tabulated, were lumped together in a single input matrix, and common sources of fine and coarse PM sub(10) for each trajectory type were derived using the PMF2 algorithm. Long-range transport was determined to be a major source of fine PM sub(10), and aerosols from long-range transport were much more abundant in north/northeasterly than southwesterly air masses. The long-range transport concentrations varied by trajectory much more strongly than the local burning concentrations.