Emerging processes in biosolids treatment, 2005

Achieving Class A treatment over Class B is becoming increasingly desirable. Most emerging new and improved processes are being promoted to meet Class A treatment objectives. Knowledge of these processes is also desirable to allow improved understanding of their current status and suitability. This paper reviews both digestion and reduction technologies and provides examples, advantages, and disadvantages for each. Key words: Class A biosolids treatment; emerging technologies; digestion: hydrolysis, thermophilic, pre-pasteurization; reduction: gasification, fuel from sludge, wet air oxidation, super critical water oxidation, hydrothermal.