Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy Associated with Stroke: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Present a case report of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) associated with stroke along with the serologic findings, diagnostic findings, and treatment in addition to presenting a review of other case reports to date in literature. With this information, we are attempting to identify key diagnostic features and appropriate treatment options for patients with this disease. Methods Presentation of case report, background on APMPPE, review of the literature and previous case reports, and discussion of diagnostic workup and treatment options for these patients. Results There are 28 well-described case reports in the literature to date, not including our case report; 23 had documented radiographic findings consistent with parenchymal injury, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or cerebral venous thrombosis. We report a 23-year-old right-handed man with left hemiparesis, ischemic strokes, and angiographic findings characteristic of cerebral vasculitis 4 months after he was diagnosed with APMPPE. Conclusions Based on our present case and previously documented cases to date, corticosteroid therapy with potential escalation of care to immunomodulatory treatment appears to benefit clinical outcomes.