Urine Color And Its Relation To Mood In Athletes, Recreational Exercisers, And Non-exercisers

To examine the free-living hydration state of a large adult sample, how fluid balance related to mood, and if habitual exercise influenced these relationships. Hydration status was examined in 231 males and 264 females (age = 21 + or - 4 y) from three exercise classifications: collegiate varsity athletes (ATH, n = 101), recreational exercisers (REC, n = 221), and non-exercisers (NON, n = 173). 53.2% of all subjects displayed U sub(col) indicative of hypohydration (all participants U sub(col) = 4 + or - 2). No significant differences existed in U sub(col) between exercise categories or genders. Males, females, NON, and REC each showed no significant relationships between U sub(col) and Anger, Confusion, Depression, Fatigue, Tension, or Vigour.