GnRH-(1–5) activates matrix metallopeptidase-9 to release epidermal growth factor and promote cellular invasion

In the extracellular space, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is metabolized by the zinc metalloendopeptidase EC3.4.24.15 (EP24.15) to form the pentapeptide, GnRH-(1–5). GnRH-(1–5) diverges in function and mechanism of action from GnRH in the brain and periphery. GnRH-(1–5) acts on the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) to sequentially stimulate epidermal growth factor (EGF) release, phosphorylate the EGF receptor (EGFR), and facilitate cellular migration. These GnRH-(1–5) actions are dependent on matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity. Here, we demonstrated that these GnRH-(1–5) effects are dependent on increased MMP-9 enzymatic activity in the Ishikawa and ECC-1 cell lines. Furthermore, the effects of GnRH-(1–5) mediated by GPR101 and the subsequent increase in MMP-9 enzymatic activity lead to an increase in cellular invasion. These results suggest that GnRH-(1–5) and GPR101 regulation of MMP-9 may have physiological relevance in the metastatic potential of endometrial cancer cells. [Display omitted] •GnRH-(1–5) diverges in function and mechanism from GnRH in the brain and periphery.•GnRH-(1–5) via GPR101 stimulates EGF release, EGFR phosphorylation and facilitate migration.•GnRH-(1–5) actions are dependent on increased MMP-9 activity.•GnRH-(1–5) mediated by GPR101 increase in MMP-9 activity leading to increased cellular invasion.