Thermodynamic observation of a vortex melting transition in the Fe-based superconductor Ban sub(0.5) K sub(0.5) Fe sub(2) As sub(2)

In cuprate high-temperature superconductors the small coherence lengths and high transition temperatures result in strong thermal fluctuations, which render the superconducting transition in applied magnetic fields into a wide continuous crossover. A state with zero resistance is found only below the vortex melting transition, which occurs well below the onset of superconducting correlations. Here we investigate the vortex phase diagram of the Fe-based superconductor in the form of a high-quality single crystal of Ba sub(0.5) K sub(0.5) Fe sub(2) As sub(2), using three different experimental probes (specific heat, thermal expansion, and magnetization). We find clear thermodynamic signatures of a vortex melting transition, which shows that the thermal fluctuations in applied magnetic fields also have a considerable impact on the superconducting properties of iron-based superconductors.