Electronic structure of EuCu sub(2)Ge sub(2) studied by resonant photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy

The electronic structure of EuCu sub(2)Ge sub(2) single crystal has been investigated by the valence band photoemission across the Eu 4d-4[functionof] resonance and Eu L sub(3) x-ray absorption edge spectroscopy. Signatures of both the Eu super(2+) and Eu super(3+) states are observed in the resonant photoemission near the 4d threshold of Eu at 140 and 143 eV, respectively. The constant initial state spectra for Eu super(2+) and Eu super(3+) states exhibit Fano-type resonance profile. The experimental spectra have been interpreted with the help of first-principles density functional calculations within the generalized gradient approximations taking into account the strong intra-atomic (onsite) interaction Hubbard U term. The Eu 4[functionof] related resonant features are found to be hybridized with the Cu and Ge states. Supporting evidence for the existence of Eu in Eu super(2+) (92%) and Eu super(3+) (8%) states are also obtained from the x-ray absorption edge spectra, which probe the bulk response. Both the resonant photoemission and Eu L sub(3) x-ray absorption edge spectroscopy gives the evidence that Eu is present in the inhomogeneous and static mixed valence state in EuCu sub(2) Ge sub(2).