Detection of diarrhoetic shellfish toxins in mussels from Italy by ionspray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Direct detection of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) and some of their related compounds in toxic mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) is reported using ionspray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ISP-MS). This was employed to analyse diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in mussels collected from coastal areas of the northern and southern Adriatic Sea. DTX-1 was found in some samples from both the northern and southern Adriatic and this is the first report of the unambiguous identification of this toxin in Italian mussels. The low levels found indicate that this toxin did not play a significant role in toxicity in these samples. Okadaic acid was found in all the mussels examined, although its concentration was not always sufficient to account for DSP toxicity. Furthermore, two related compounds of OA were detected in all the samples and one related DTX-1 compound was observed in some samples from the northern Adriatic. All three compounds are still to be identified, but it is possible that these substances are involved in mussel DSP toxicity in the Adriatic Sea.