Systematic construction of tight-binding Hamiltonians for topological insulators and superconductors

A remarkable discovery in recent years is that there exist various kinds of topological insulators and superconductors characterized by a periodic table according to the system symmetry and dimensionality. To physically realize these peculiar phases and study their properties, a critical step is to construct experimentally relevant Hamiltonians that support these topological phases. We propose a general and systematic method based on the quaternion algebra to construct the tight-binding Hamiltonians for all the three-dimensionaltopological phases in the periodic table characterized by arbitrary integer topological invariants, which include the spin-singlet and the spin-triplet topological superconductors, the Hopf, and the chiral topological insulators as particular examples. For each class, we calculate the corresponding topological invariants through both geometric analysis and numerical simulation.