Inflammatory activity at school age in very low birth weight bronchopulmonary dysplasia survivors

Summary Objective Airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory activity in plasma and exhaled air in very low birth weight (VLBW) BPD survivors at school age. Methods Twenty‐one 6–14‐year‐old former VLBW (birth weight ≤1,500 g) children with severe radiographic BPD (radBPD), 19 without radBPD (nonBPD group) and 19 non‐asthmatic term controls underwent measurement of eosinophil cationic protein, IL‐6, IL‐8, adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, and resistin in plasma, leukotriene B4 and 8‐isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate, and NO in exhaled breath. Background data were obtained from patient records, clinical examination and parental questionnaire. Both univariate and multivariate models were applied in the statistical analysis. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the inflammatory markers measured. Five (25%) radBPD and 2 (11%) nonBPD children reported asthma (P = 0.058). In logistic regression analysis, exposure to chorioamnionitis was associated with low IL‐8 (OR 29.0, 95% CI 3.27–258) and postnatal corticosteroid therapy with high adiponectin (OR 32.0, 95% CI 1.29–793). High body mass index standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS) was associated with high plasma adipsin (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.07–5.75) and leptin (OR 5.76, 95%CI 1.83–18.2) levels. Conclusions The inflammatory activity seems to decrease by school age in VLBW BPD survivors. Chorioamnionitis and postnatal corticosteroid treatment may modulate the inflammatory responsiveness in VLBW subjects even up to school age. The respiratory outcome in VLBW infants might be improved by preventing excessive weight gain. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:683–690. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.