Folic Acid Functionalized Surface Highlights 5-Methylcytosine-Genomic Content within Circulating Tumor Cells

Although the detection of methylated cell free DNA represents one of the most promising approaches for relapse risk assessment in cancer patients, the low concentration of cell‐free circulating DNA constitutes the biggest obstacle in the development of DNA methylation‐based biomarkers from blood. This paper describes a method for the measurement of genomic methylation content directly on circulating tumor cells (CTC), which could be used to deceive the aforementioned problem. Since CTC are disease related blood‐based biomarkers, they result essential to monitor tumor's stadiation, therapy, and early relapsing lesions. Within surface's bio‐functionalization and cell's isolation procedure standardization, the presented approach reveals a singular ability to detect high 5‐methylcytosine CTC‐subset content in the whole CTC compound, by choosing folic acid (FA) as transducer molecule. Sensitivity and specificity, calculated for FA functionalized surface (FA‐surface), result respectively on about 83% and 60%. FA‐surface, allowing the detection and characterization of early metastatic dissemination, provides a unique advance in the comprehension of tumors progression and dissemination confirming the presence of CTC and its association with high risk of relapse. This functionalized surface identifying and quantifying high 5‐methylcytosine CTC‐subset content into the patient's blood lead significant progress in cancer risk assessment, also providing a novel therapeutic strategy. Starting from circulating tumor cells (CTC) isolated from patients' blood affected by different tumor disease, a folic acid (FA) functionalized surface, able to selectively entrap CTC expressing folic‐receptors, is developed. Since FA represents a good transducer highlighting the CTC global 5‐methylcytosine content, this functionalized surface represents an important tool to profile cellular methylation changes in tumor monitoring strategies definition .