Factors Associated With Discharge to Home Versus Discharge to Institutional Care After Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

Abstract Objective To examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics independently associated with discharge home compared with discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after acute inpatient rehabilitation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Three tertiary accredited acute care rehabilitation facilities. Participants Adult patients with stroke (N=2085). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Not applicable. Results Of 2085 patients with stroke treated at 3 centers over a 4-year period, 78.2% (n=1631) were discharged home and 21.8% (n=454) discharged to an SNF. Findings from a multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that patients were less likely to be discharged home if they were older (odds ratio [OR], .98; 95% confidence interval [CI], .96–.99), separated or divorced (compared with married; OR, .61; 95% CI, .48–.79), or with Medicare health insurance (compared with private insurance; OR, .69; 95% CI, .55–.88), or had dysphagia (OR, .83; 95% CI, .71–.98) or cognitive deficits (OR, .79; 95% CI, .77–.81). The odds of being discharged home were higher for those admitted with a higher motor FIM score (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.09–1.11). The following were not associated with discharge disposition: sex, race, prestroke vocational status, availability of secondary health insurance, number of days from stroke onset to rehabilitation facility admission, stroke type, impairment group, cognitive FIM on admission, other stroke deficits (aphasia, ataxia, neglect, or speech disturbance), stroke complications of hyponatremia or urinary tract infection, or comorbid conditions. Conclusions One in 5 patients with stroke were discharged to an SNF after inpatient rehabilitation. On admission, several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified that could be considered as important factors in early discussions for discharge planning.