Use of duckweed (Lemna sp.) grown in sugarmill effluent for milkfish, Chanos chanos Forskal, production

Oxidation treatment of sugarmill waste using duckweed (Lemna sp.) as part of the system, to reduce effluent nutrient concentrations and biological oxygen demand (BOD), was evaluated during a 6 month milling season in Negros Oriental, Philippines. Mean ammonia concentration in effluent water was reduced from 0.87 to 0.31 mg/l NH sub(3)-N and orthophosphate from 0.93 to 0.51 mg/l P sub(2)O sub(5), while mean BOD was reduced from 611 to 143 mg/l BOD sub(5), after treatment. Seasonal mass fish kills in the adjoining bay no longer occurred during the 3 years following introduction of this treatment. The mean duckweed production (dry weight) was 8.8 g/m super(2)/day. Duckweed was harvested from a 1.9 ha area of the system and transferred to an adjacent milkfish, Chanos chanos Forskal, farm. Its fertilization effect, in terms of lablab production (lablab is the biological complex of bluegreen algae, diatoms, bacteria and various animals which forms a mat at the bottom or floats in patches), was evaluated in the milkfish ponds. This was compared with ponds fertilized with either inorganic fertilizers or cow manure, in the traditional way. Lablab growth was significantly increased using duckweed, with ash-free dry weight production averaging 32 g/m super(2)/day following fertilization with duckweed compared with 4 g/m super(2)/day using inorganic fertilizers. Milkfish net production averaged 320 kg/ha/90-day crop in inorganically fertilized ponds, 545 kg/ha/90-day crop for cow manure and 820 kg/ha/90-day crop in duckweed-fertilized ponds. The system is described and the benefits of this integrated waste treatment-fish production facility are discussed.