Latent tuberculosis infection as a target for tuberculosis control

The combination of a high prevalence of positive tests, the overall low frequency of progression to active disease in low-endemic settings and the poor ability of IGRA and TST to identify those at highest risk for progression, makes that the effectiveness of blanket testing for LTBI and preventive therapy in these high-risk groups needs to be carefully evaluated, despite the potential impact on preventing new tuberculosis cases. [...]less than 1.5% of HIV infected individuals receiving cART in settings with a low prevalence of tuberculosis develop active tuberculosis at any point in time [4,9-11].