FOXP1 and SPINK1 reflect the risk of cirrhosis progression to HCC with HBV infection

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deriving from cirrhosis with HBV infection harbors higher morbidity and poor prognosis. The diagnosis of HCC at its early stage is essential for improving the effect of treatment and survival rate of patients. Method Affymetrix GeneChip was practiced to establish gene expression profile and significance analysis of microarray (SAM) as well as prediction analysis of microarray (PAM) was utilized to screen candidate marker genes in tissue of carcinoma and para-cancerous with cirrhosis from 15 hepatitis B virus (HBV) related HCC patients. Result Total 497 differential genes were selected by microarray (fold change >2; P value < 0.01). Then 162 significant genes were determined by SAM (fold change −1.46 to 1.28). A number of 8-genes showing “poor risk signature” was validated with threshold of 6.2, which was associated with cirrhosis progressing to HCC. Only 3 down-regulated and 2 up-regulated predictor genes had statistical difference in HCC and cirrhosis groups by RT-PCR ( P value < 0.01). Forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) proteins were found significantly increased in carcinoma tissues than para-cancerous cirrhotic tissues by IH and WB. Conclusion Over-expression of FOXP1 and SPINK1 may participate in the carcinogenesis of HBV related cirrhosis. They could use as potential biomarkers for diagnosing early HCC.